The primary causes of metabolic syndrome include obesity, physical inactivity, and possible genetic factors. These conditions include increased blood pressure, high blood sugar, excess body fat around the waist, and abnormal cholesterol or triglyceride levels. Assess the role of abdominal obesity and insulin resistance in the development and pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome. One of the most discussed interdisciplinary problems of modern medicine in recent years has become the metabolic syndrome mets, which is discussed by cardiologists, endocrinologists, gastroenterologists, hepatologists, gynecologists, rheumatologists, sexopathologists, surgeons and other specialists. Because metabolic syndrome is a cluster of conditions, many of which must be determined with lab work, this condition is not one that an individual can assess without the help of a healthcare provider. Recent advances in managingunderstanding the metabolic syndrome. Lifestyle modification such as the mediterranean diet, exercise, and quitting smoking are the preferred treatment of metabolic syndrome. The bioshareeu healthy obese project aims to gain insights into the consequences of healthy obesity using data on risk factors and phenotypes across several largescale cohort studies. Little information exists on the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome for southern chinese. Journal of metabolic syndromeomics internationaljournal. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome and metabolically. The number of metabolic syndrome components also influences the degree of risk.
These disorders include insulin resistance, hypertension, dyslipidemia low highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol, hypertriglyceridemia, and central obesity figure 1 tariq et al. In nigeria, using the who criteria, full blown metabolic syndrome i. Definition and diagnosis of the metabolic syndrome article pdf available in taehan uihak hyophoe chi. Because each component that makes up the versions of the metabolic syndrome increases cvd risk 34, 36, 37, 62, 68, 69, it seems prudent to treat any of these abnormalities that are present. Doctors consider someone to have metabolic syndrome when they have 3 or more risk factors, which include elevated blood pressure, low hdl good cholesterol levels and diabetes or prediabetes. Individuals with metabolic syndrome are at higher risk to develop cardiovascular disease, stroke and disease related to fat deposition in artery. Metabolic syndrome describes a constellation of metabolic abnormalities that are associated with visceral adiposity. We therefore investigate the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in a southern chinese population with 85 million residents. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular. Although there is a reported association between lifestyle factors and metabolic syndrome, very few studies have used national level data restricted to the african americans aas in the united states us.
Proponents of the syndrome encourage its use as a clinical tool to help identify people who may be at higher risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in south asia. Metabolic syndrome is a condition that can lead to both diabetes and heart disease, two of the most common chronic diseases today. Demographic characteristics associated with the metabolic syndrome in bivariate analyses are shown in table 2. Available data suggest that it truly is a syndrome i. These metabolic derangements present significant risk factors for cardiovascular disease, which is commonly recognized as the primary clinical.
The metabolic syndrome, also known as syndrome x or insulin resistance syndrome, is a constellation of metabolic risk factors that significantly increases. Our group was able to show analytically that due to venous plethora there are many cvd and some types of cancer. Journal of metabolic syndromeomics internationaljournal of. The idf consensus worldwide definition of the metabolic.
Metabolic syndrome is present in 10% of women and 15% of men with normal glucose tolerance. A search was conducted on pubmed, scopus and ovidsp medline and embase using the term metabolic syndrome, prevalence and the name of each south asian country for studies published on or after the year 2000. Healthy lifestyle plus periodic extraction of venous blood and interstitial fluid from areas of stagnation can improve peoples health. The analytic sample consisted of 3,423 adults, 20 years of age and over, from nhanes 20032006. The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of individual risk factors for metabolic syndrome as well as the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the national health and nutrition examination survey nhanes 20032006. Metabolic syndrome has become increasingly common in the united states, and it is a major public health problem. It is composed of atherogenic dyslipidemia, elevated blood pressure, insulin resistance and elevated glucose, a prothrombotic state, and a proinflammatory state. Metabolic syndrome and psychosocial factors unt digital library. Prevalence and gender distribution of the metabolic syndrome. Developing this new synthesis and analysis of the metabolic syndrome will bring together the viewpoints of epidemiologists, physiologists, molecular biologistsbiochemists, and clinicians toward understanding the current state of knowledge of both the causes and consequences of the metabolic syndrome. The role of diet in metabolic syndrome national institutes. This article provides a global overview of the current trends and distribution of metabolic syndrome.
The journal of the korean medical association 4812 january 2005 with 44 reads. Research scope the goal of this initiative is to identify and understand the precursors of the metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents. The metabolic syndrome, which affects about onequarter of all adults in the u. Population aging is accompanied by higher prevalence of ms, which varies depending on the population studied and the diagnostic criteria used.
Introduction metabolic syndrome is a cluster of biological factors character. Metabolic syndrome is a complex and evolving cluster of adverse risk factors that may end in the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease cvd and. Identification and management of metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome is a condition that represents a cluster of risk factors. During 20072012, nonhispanic black men were less likely than nonhispanic white men to have metabolic syndrome odds ratio or, 0. Pdf definition and diagnosis of the metabolic syndrome. Since cardiovascular heart and blood vessel disease is the leading cause of death for adults in developed countries, many medical studies focus on treating or preventing heart disease and stroke.
You can have just one risk factor, but people often have several of them together. Introduction the metabolic syndrome increases the risk for cardiovascular disease in individuals with and without diabetes. Aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of obesity, metabolic. The metabolic syndrome, a collection of unhealthy body measurements and abnormal laboratory test results, may identify persons at high risk for developing cardiovascular disease. Children and adolescents can develop metabolic syndrome, but in these age groups, no definition is established.
The metabolic syndrome is a multiplex risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Metabolic syndrome is a constellation of risk factors, including abdominal obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, low hdl cholesterol, high blood pressure, and high fasting glucose, that commonly cluster together and can result in cardiovascular disease. Association between lifestyle factors and metabolic. Aggressive lifestyle modification and possible use of medications to treat the conditions that make up the metabolic syndrome may reduce a persons chances of. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome varies with the number of components present in an individual. The ultimate importance of metabolic syndrome is that it helps identify individuals at high risk for both type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease cvd. Symptoms of hyperglycemia and casual plasma glucose 200 mgdl 11. Debate about the clinical usefulness of metabolic syndrome has been ongoing since it was first described in the late 1980s. Metabolic syndrome and related disorders vol 16, no 5. Metabolic syndrome prevalence increased from 1988 to 2012 for every sociodemographic group. A retrospective crosssectional study was conducted at the executive clinics of aga khan hospital, pakistan. Metabolic syndrome also known as the cardiometabolic syndrome refers to a cluster of related risk factors for cardiovascular disease that includes abdominal obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and elevated cholesterol.
Also, new findings in its pathophysiology and treatment are highlighted in the final section of the article. Recommendations for treatment once a diagnosis of the metabolic syndrome is made, the future management of the condition should be aggressive and uncompromising in its aim to reduce the risk of cvd and type 2 diabetes. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components in patients. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in elderly and agreement. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome and the components that comprise the syndrome vary by age and by racialethnic group. Metabolic syndrome mets represents a cluster of metabolic abnormalities that include hypertension, central obesity, insulin resistance, and. Metabolic syndrome msd manual professional edition. The prospective cardiovascular munster procam study.
People with metabolic syndrome are much more likely to develop chronic health conditions, including cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Assess the relationship between metabolic syndrome and the risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Epidemiology metabolic syndrome affects approximately 24% of the us adult population. Metabolic syndrome nutritional disorders merck manuals. These risk factors include excess fat around the waist, elevated glucose levels, unhealthy lipid levels, and high blood pressure. Metabolic syndrome is the name for a group of risk factors for heart disease, diabetes, and other health problems. A crosssectional evaluation was conducted using the national health and nutrition examination survey from 1999 to 2006 including men and nonpregnant women of 20. Risk of developing metabolic syndrome increases as we age. Jan 12, 2010 the metabolic syndrome mets is a cardiovascular risk factor of public health significance and of recent has become a topical issue. Metabolic syndrome symptoms and causes mayo clinic. The metabolic syndrome and total and cardiovascular disease mortality in middleaged men. Metabolic syndrome prevalence by raceethnicity and sex in. Metabolic syndrome is a set of risk factors that increases a persons chance of developing serious conditions such as cardiovascular disease cvd, type 2 diabetes, and stroke.
The national institutes of health guidelines define metabolic syndrome as having three or more of the following traits, including traits youre taking medication to control. To research the causes of metabolic syndrome, consider researching the causes of these these diseases that may be similar, or associated with metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome ms is an aggregation of risk factors that increase the incidence of cardiovascular events and diabetes mellitus dm. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its individual components in south asia region. Metabolic syndrome diet cardiovascular metabolic syndrome dysmetabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of conditions that increases the risk for heart disease and stroke. The overall prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in adolescents was 4. Typically, the pathological state of mets includes. Symptoms and diagnosis of metabolic syndrome american. Black african and female patients were more likely to have metabolic syndrome. Furthermore, it would not be too surprising that the more. The metabolic syndrome has been shown to increase the incidence of cardiovascular disease. The metabolic syndrome often is referred to as if it were a discrete entity with a single cause. Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of conditions that occur together, increasing your risk of heart disease, stroke and type 2 diabetes.
Prevalence of a metabolic syndrome phenotype in adolescents. In addition to syndrome x, several other synonyms have been proposed such as deadly quartet, drop syndrome dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, obesity, and high blood pressure, reaven syndrome, multiple metabolic syndrome, and insulin resistance syndrome. Metabolic syndrome nutritional disorders msd manual. About 34 percent of adult americans are estimated to have it. Metabolic syndrome increases the risk of type 2 diabetes. The guangdong nutrition and health survey 2002 is a crosssectional survey. Studies submitted in response to this rfa should focus on determining whether the precursors of the metabolic syndrome are different in children than in adults and whether there are unique. Metabolic syndrome and psychosocial factors unt digital. Metabolic syndrome also known as the cardiometabolic syndrome refers to a cluster of related risk factors for cardiovascular disease that includes abdominal obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and elevated cholesterol data from the world health organization suggests 65% of the worlds. Metabolic syndrome diagnosis and treatment mayo clinic. Not all obese subjects have an adverse metabolic profile predisposing them to developing type 2 diabetes or cardiovascular disease. Chapter 39 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome 873 table 391 diagnostic criteria for diabetes 1. Metabolic syndrome is defined by a constellation of interconnected physiological, biochemical, clinical, and metabolic factors that directly increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, type 2. In developed countries, metabolic syndrome is a serious problem.
Causes, complications, diagnosis, and treatment are similar to those of obesity. Large waist a waistline that measures at least 35 inches 89 centimeters for women and 40 inches 102 centimeters for men high triglyceride level 150. The main features of metabolic syndrome include insulin resistance, hypertension high blood pressure, cholesterol abnormalities, and an increased risk for clotting. In one study, the presence of four or more metabolic syndrome risk factors was associated with a 3. Metabolic syndrome and related disorders vol 16, no 6. Symptoms and diagnosis of metabolic syndrome what are the symptoms of metabolic syndrome. A panel for early detection, management, and risk stratification in the west virginian population krithika srikanthan 1, andrew feyh, haresh visweshwar, joseph i.
Causes, incidence, and risk factors metabolic syndrome is becoming more and more common in the united states. Metabolic syndrome is a name for a group of risk factors that occur together and increase the risk for coronary artery disease, stroke, and type 2 diabetes. Several expert groups have attempted to propose diagnostic criteria for the metabolic syndrome. Mar 16, 2017 among us adults aged 18 years or older, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome rose by more than 35% from 19881994 to 20072012, increasing from 25. Metabolic syndrome is a complex and evolving cluster of adverse risk factors that may end in the development of. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its associated. Apr 30, 2020 metabolic syndrome is present in 10% of women and 15% of men with normal glucose tolerance. Edwards school of medicine, marshall university, usa 2.
Metabolic syndrome is characterized by a large waist circumference due to excess abdominal fat, hypertension, abnormal fasting plasma glucose or insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia. Metabolic syndrome mets is a major public health concern. Clinical implications of the metabolic syndrome medscape. The objective of this report is to determine the prevalence. The metabolic syndrome has become one of the major public health challenges worldwide. The goal of diagnosing the metabolic syndrome is to identify persons at increased risk of cvd. The aim of this study was to estimate the frequency of mets, its components, and factors associated with mets amongst apparently healthy individuals in pakistan. Most patients 80% with type 2 diabetes have metabolic syndrome, but the converse is not necessarily true. Learn about the lab tests used to help diagnose and monitor this condition. Sep 15, 2006 the metabolic syndrome often is referred to as if it were a discrete entity with a single cause. When you have at least three of them, it is called metabolic syndrome. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus dm is on the increase and with this scenario, a possible increase in burden of dm which may be largely attributed to cardiovascular complications is expected. The metabolic syndrome mets is a cardiovascular risk factor of public health significance and of recent has become a topical issue.
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